![]() ![]() ![]() It may date to the 17th century as a direct Italian descendant of a Spanish secret society, the Garduña, founded in 1417. The latter is an alliance of the Licciardi, Contini and Mallardo clans. Usually, Camorra clans maintain close contact with South American drug cartels, which facilitates the arrival of drugs in Europe.Īccording to Naples public prosecutor Giovanni Melillo, during a 2021 speech of the Antimafia Commission, the most powerful groups of the Camorra in the present day are the Mazzarella clan and the Secondigliano Alliance. Since the early 1980s and its involvement in the drug trafficking business, the Camorra has acquired a strong presence in other European countries, particularly Spain. It is also not unusual for Camorra clans to infiltrate the politics of their respective areas. The Camorra's main businesses are drug trafficking, racketeering, counterfeiting, and money laundering. The FBI considers the Camorra to be among “the most powerful, technologically advanced, well-equipped, sophisticated and dangerous crime syndicates in the world” with a semi-militarized operation. ![]() The Camorra is considered by the Italian Government to be the most violent, murderous and feared criminal organization in Italy. Consequently, as Camorra clans act independently, they are more prone to feuding among themselves. Every capo or "boss" is the head of a clan, in which there may be tens or hundreds of affiliates, depending on the clan's power and structure. The Camorra's organizational structure is divided into individual groups also called "clans". It is one of the oldest and largest criminal organizations in Italy, dating to the 17th century. While the threat of Chinese intellectual property theft is real, critics wonder if the China Initiative is the right way to counteract it.The Camorra ( Italian: Neapolitan: ) is an Italian Mafia-type criminal organization and criminal society originating in the region of Campania. The DOJ has not publicly defined the initiative or answered many basic questions about it, making it difficult to understand, let alone assess or exercise oversight of it, according to many civil rights advocates, lawmakers, and scholars. Although the program has become a top priority of US law enforcement and domestic counterintelligence efforts-and an unusual one, as the first country-specific initiative-many details have remained murky. To date, only about a quarter of defendants charged under the initiative have been convicted, and about half of those defendants with open charges have yet to see the inside of an American courtroom. Instead of focusing on economic espionage and national security, the initiative now appears to be an umbrella term for cases with almost any connection to China, whether they involve state-sponsored hackers, smugglers, or, increasingly, academics accused of failing to disclose all ties to China on grant-related forms. Now, an investigation by MIT Technology Review shows that the China Initiative has strayed far from its initial mission. Started in 2018, the initiative was a centerpiece of the Trump administration's hardening stance against China. For years, the US Department of Justice has used these cases to highlight the success of its China Initiative, an effort to counter rising concerns about Chinese economic espionage and threats to US national security. And a man sentenced for organizing a turtle-smuggling ring between New York and Hong Kong. A Harvard professor accused of lying to investigators about funding from China. A hacker indicted for breaking into video game company servers in his spare time. A visiting researcher at UCLA accused of hiding his connection to China's People's Liberation Army. ![]()
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